On the Stock Market, trading which takes place between members before the official opening time.

A past act or decision which is used as an example to decide the outcome of similar subsequent acts.

The often illegal practice of lending money to people who the lender knows are unable to pay back the loan, such as low-income house-owners, who subsequently may lose their homes which they have used as security against the loan.

Also known as Destroyer Pricing. A situation where a company charges very low prices for goods or services in order to put its competitors out of business, after which prices will be raised.

Also called Preferred Shares. A type of share which pays the owner a fixed dividend before other share owners are paid their dividends. Preference Shareholders do not usually have the right to vote at shareholders meetings.

A creditor who has the right to receive payment of debts, before other creditors, from a bankrupt company.

The revenue recieved by an insurance company from its customers.

An organised group of people, or lobbyists, who campaign to influence businesses, governments, etc., to change their policies, e.g. regarding the environment, or to change laws.

The amount of money required to purchase something or to bribe someone. The amount agreed upon between the buyer and seller in a commercial transaction.

Maximum and minimum price limitations, often during periods of inflation, which a government puts on essential goods and/or services.